Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Quantification of Mouse Heart Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Strain, and Hemodynamic Forces by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: May 24, 2021
Kinetic Energy Measured by 4D Flow Cardiac MRI in Evaluating Intraventricular Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review
Jing Zhu1,2, Xiaolin Mu1, Wenjia Wang3
1Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (4D Flow cardiac MRI) is an advanced non-invasive imaging technology, and its derived kinetic energy (KE) blood flow parameters have been confirmed as a potential biomarkers for assessing ventricular hemodynamics. This review synthesizes details on the methodology, clinical significance, and current status of studies focused on quantifying KE parameters of the ventricle using 4D Flow cardiac MRI, providing an objective foundation for further exploration of the value of KE in cardiac diseases.
Study Type:
retrospective.
Subjects:
This review includes studies that utilized 4D Flow cardiac MRI in human subjects, focusing on the changes in KE parameters. Field Strength: 1.5T or 3T.
Assessment:
A systematic review was conducted to assess the literature on the intracardiac clinical applications of 4D Flow cardiac MRI. In September 2024, searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, SCIENCEDIRECT, and Springer Link databases using the keywords "4D Flow cardiac MRI," "ventricular kinetic energy," and "intraventricular hemodynamics," covering a period of 10 years. The inclusion criteria for the literature were: (1) clinical trials with human subjects; (2) studies that addressed the value of 4D Flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance and its derived blood flow KE parameters in quantifying ventricular blood flow. The exclusion criteria were: (1) animal experimental studies; (2) non-English core journal articles. Out of the 195 articles screened, 62 studies met the criteria for the systematic review. The included literature comprised 26 (41.9%) studies on 4D Flow cardiac MRI technology and blood flow parameter research, and 36 (58.1%) clinical application studies. KE measurement using 4D Flow cardiac MRI is a promising tool for evaluating ventricular hemodynamics. It provides clinicians with deeper insights into the physiological and pathological dynamics of ventricular blood flow, from healthy states to disease.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac output averages...
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI

