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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

291
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
291
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

312
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
312
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

518
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
518
Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

164
Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
164
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

4.5K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.1K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Selective Ion Separation by Capacitive Deionization: A Comprehensive Review.

Fanyi Xu1, Ling Yuan2, Rui Zhao1

  • 1Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Capacitive deionization (CDI) offers an eco-friendly method for resource recovery and ion separation. This review explores CDI advancements, challenges, and future directions for efficient element extraction.

Keywords:
capacitive deionizationdesorptionelectrode materialsion separation

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On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Capacitive deionization (CDI) is emerging as a key technology for water desalination and selective ion recovery from multicomponent solutions.
  • Its environmentally friendly nature and cost-effectiveness make it attractive for extracting valuable elements compared to traditional adsorption methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and fundamental principles of CDI technology.
  • To evaluate capacitor performance criteria and analyze various electrode materials for CDI applications.
  • To identify current challenges and propose future development recommendations for CDI.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of CDI technology evolution.
  • Summary of capacitor operating principles and performance assessment.
  • Evaluation of electrode materials and their structure-activity relationships.
  • Analysis of challenges in electrode cycle life, reversibility, charge utilization, and ion selectivity.

Main Results:

  • CDI technology has advanced significantly due to improved understanding of ion storage, electrode materials, solvent effects, and reactor design.
  • Key challenges remain, including electrode durability, reversible ion exchange, charge efficiency, and selectivity.
  • Various capacitor materials offer distinct advantages and disadvantages impacting CDI performance.

Conclusions:

  • CDI shows great promise for desalination and selective resource recovery.
  • Addressing current limitations in electrode performance and selectivity is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • Further research into novel materials and reactor designs will drive future CDI advancements.