Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Time-resolved XPCS analysis across broad time-scales using multi-tau two-time correlations.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026

Same author

Achieving nanosecond time resolution with a two-dimensional X-ray detector.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2025

Same author

Liquid-like versus stress-driven dynamics in a metallic glass former observed by temperature scanning X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Heterogeneous dynamics in aging phosphate-based geopolymer.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Reduction of artifacts associated with missing data in coherent diffractive imaging.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2024

Same author

High-pressure X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at fourth-generation synchrotron sources.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2024

Same journal

Towards light-coupled sample preparation for time-resolved cryoEM studies.

IUCrJ·2026

Same journal

Cryo-EM analysis of cooperative conformational changes in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer.

IUCrJ·2026

Same journal

Towards time-resolved MicroED grid preparation using mix-and-inject gas dynamic virtual nozzles.

IUCrJ·2026

Same journal

How cryoEM has advanced our understanding of bacteriophages and bacteriocins targeting Clostridioides difficile.

IUCrJ·2026

Same journal

CryoEM structures reveal allosteric regulation of the catalytic activity of the multi-protein human MAT enzyme complexes.

IUCrJ·2026

Same journal

Cryo-EM-guided subtractive optimization of a novel VCP/p97 inhibitor.

IUCrJ·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Prospects for coherent X-ray diffraction imaging at fourth-generation synchrotron sources.

Yuriy Chushkin¹, Federico Zontone¹

¹ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France.

|March 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) offers nanoscale structural characterization of micrometre-sized objects. This lens-less microscopy technique leverages iterative algorithms to reconstruct high-resolution images from X-ray scattering patterns.

Keywords:

CXDI X-ray microscopy coherent X-ray diffraction imaging materials science nanoscience synchrotron radiation

More Related Videos

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Improving High Viscosity Extrusion of Microcrystals for Time-resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography at X-ray Lasers

Published on: February 28, 2019

$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

Published on: June 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CXDI) is a lens-less microscopy technique.
It emerged with advances in synchrotrons, detectors, and computing.
CXDI enables nanoscale imaging of micrometre-sized objects.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the theoretical and experimental aspects of CXDI.
To discuss its achievements and limitations at third-generation synchrotrons.
To explore future opportunities with fourth-generation synchrotrons.

Main Methods:

Inversion of far-field speckle patterns from coherent X-ray scattering.
Iterative algorithms for phase retrieval from measured intensities.
Two- and three-dimensional imaging via inverse Fourier transform.

Main Results:

Achieved spatial resolution of a few nanometres.
Successful structural characterization of various nanoscale specimens.
Demonstrated the technique's capabilities at third-generation synchrotrons.

Conclusions:

CXDI is a powerful tool for nanoscale structural characterization.
Further developments are needed to fully exploit fourth-generation synchrotron capabilities.
The technique holds significant potential for future scientific discovery.