Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

50.2K
Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as...
50.2K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

41.7K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
41.7K
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

982
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
982
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

213
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
213
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

6.7K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
6.7K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

6.9K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermoelectric Detection of Crossed Andreev Reflections in Quantum Hall/Superconductor Hybrid Structures.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Sublimated Cyanoacetamide-Driven Surface Recrystallization for Spray-Coated Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Spin excitation continuum from degenerate states in the mixed ferro-antiferromagnetic exchange system CeMgAl<sub>11</sub>O<sub>19</sub>.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Effects and Mechanisms of Ultrasonic and Papain Treatment on Texture Properties of the Abalone (<i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>) Meat.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Intrinsic Thermal Hall Effect in Mott Insulators.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Electroantennogram and Behavioral Responses of Nematus Hequensis Xiao Adult to Volatiles of Salix alba Leaves.

Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology·2025
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2025

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.3K

A solvable model for strongly interacting nonequilibrium excitons.

Zhenhao Song1, Tessa Cookmeyer2, Leon Balents2,3,4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We investigate a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model, finding its steady states deviate from thermal equilibrium. This work offers insights into quantum simulators and excitonic systems like WS2/WSe2 moiré materials.

Keywords:
Bose–Hubbard modelLindblad master equationexcitonnonequilibrium

More Related Videos

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.7K
Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2025

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.3K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.7K
Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Many-body systems

Background:

  • Driven-dissipative quantum systems are crucial for quantum technologies.
  • The Bose-Hubbard model describes interacting bosons on a lattice.
  • Excitons in WS2/WSe2 moiré systems provide experimental platforms for such models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with all-to-all hopping.
  • To derive steady-state properties and explore nonequilibrium phase transitions.
  • To connect theoretical findings with experimental observations in moiré systems and quantum simulators.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of Lindblad jump operators for system-environment coupling.
  • Analytical solution for steady-state density matrix in specific limits.
  • Numerical simulations for large system sizes (100s to 1,000s of sites).

Main Results:

  • A closed-form expression for the steady-state density matrix is found in solvable limits.
  • Numerical methods yield steady states away from exactly solvable regions.
  • The nonequilibrium phase diagram qualitatively matches the equilibrium one, with light intensity mimicking chemical potential.

Conclusions:

  • Steady states in this driven-dissipative system are non-thermal.
  • The nature of phase transitions differs significantly from equilibrium expectations.
  • The model provides a valuable framework for understanding experiments in quantum simulators and 2D materials.