Tamm-Horsfall protein in Balkan endemic nephropathy

It is suggested that Tamm-Horsfall protein, a specific renal glycoprotein, may be involved in the pathogenesis of some renal diseases. In cadmium nephropathy and Fanconi syndrome (primary tubular diseases of the kidney) an increased excretion rate of Tamm-Horsfall protein has been observed. Balkan endemic nephropathy is a chronic tubulointerstitial disease of unknown etiology, most probably a primary disease of the kidney tubules with secondary reaction of the interstitial tissue. Investigation of Tamm-Horsfall proteinuria in Balkan endemic nephropathy has shown that subjects living in the area where this condition is prevalent have a significantly higher Tamm-Horsfall protein /creatinine ratio than those living in the control area where the condition has not been observed. Differences in this ratio among diseased, suspect and subjects "at risk" were not observed, despite differences in their glomerular filtration rates. But excretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein per litre of glomerular filtrate was significantly different among diseased, suspect and subjects "at risk" and significantly higher compared to control subjects. a relatively significant correlation was obtained between Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion rate and glomerular filtration rate as measured by creatinine clearance in both control and subjects living in the area of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Determination of Tamm-Horsfall protein in urine together with determination of proteinuria by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes as a screening procedure, and by SDS -electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gell may be useful laboratory tests in detecting this nephropathy.