Exploring Problematic TikTok Use and Mental Health Issues: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Media Studies
• Public Health

Background:

• TikTok's rapid rise to over a billion users since 2017 necessitates understanding its impact.
• Concerns exist regarding problematic use and adverse mental health outcomes associated with TikTok.
• Existing research on TikTok's problematic use and mental health implications lacks a consolidated understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review empirical research on problematic TikTok use.
• To synthesize findings on the impact of problematic TikTok use on mental health.

Main Methods:

• Adherence to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines.
• Comprehensive database searches (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) until July 10, 2024.
• Inclusion of 26 peer-reviewed empirical studies with 11,462 participants.

Main Results:

• A pooled prevalence of TikTok use at 80.19%, highest in the 18-29 age group (85.4%).
• Frequent TikTok use correlated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms, especially in users under 24.
• Problematic use was more prevalent in female university students, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and individuals with higher neuroticism.

Conclusions:

• Problematic TikTok use poses significant mental health risks, especially for young and vulnerable populations.
• Integrating digital and media literacy into education is essential.
• Caregiver involvement and guided usage parameters are recommended for managing screen time, particularly for minors.