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Tendon Tissue Regeneration With Cell Orientation Using an Injectable Alginate-Cell Cross-linked Gel.

Jun Yamaguchi1,2, Kentaro Homan1, Tomohiro Onodera1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Injectable cross-linked alginate gels with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) promote tendon tissue regeneration. This minimally invasive method improves collagen fiber alignment and mechanical properties, offering a promising approach for tendon repair.

Keywords:
alginatecross-linkmesenchymal stromal cellsregenerationtendon

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Tendon repair is limited by poor vascularity and scar tissue formation, leading to re-ruptures.
  • Current surgical scaffolds pose infection risks and require invasive procedures.
  • Limited regenerative capacity hinders effective tendon healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of alginate-cell cross-linked gels for tendon tissue regeneration.
  • To evaluate injectable gels as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional scaffolds.
  • To assess the ability of these gels to promote cell orientation and mechanical integration.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-linked gel was created using azide-modified mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and dibenzocyclooctyne-modified alginic acid.
  • The gel was cultured in a bioreactor and then injected into Achilles tendon defects in a rat model.
  • Histological, biochemical, and biomechanical assessments were performed at 2 and 4 weeks post-injection.

Main Results:

  • In vitro, cells within the gel aligned with applied tension.
  • Histology showed enhanced tendon tissue repair and improved collagen fiber organization in the cross-linked gel group.
  • The cross-linked gel group exhibited superior biomechanical properties, including increased stiffness.

Conclusions:

  • Injectable cross-linked gels can induce tendon tissue regeneration by adapting cell orientation to the mechanical environment.
  • This intercellular cross-linking technology offers a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy for improving tendon repair quality.
  • The approach shows potential for clinical translation in treating tendon injuries.