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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Innate immunity-modulating nanobiomaterials for controlling inflammation resolution.

Yongjiang Li1,2, Wei Chen1,2, Seyoung Koo1

  • 1Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Matter
|March 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanobiomaterials can modulate innate immunity to resolve inflammation. This review explores innovative nanobiomaterials and their interactions with immune cells for treating inflammatory diseases, highlighting future challenges.

Keywords:
Acute inflammationBiomaterialsEndothelial CellInflammation ResolutionInnate immunityMacrophageMonocyteNanoparticlesNeutrophil

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The acute inflammatory response is crucial for host defense, but its unresolved state can lead to severe diseases.
  • Innate immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells) are central to inflammation initiation, amplification, and resolution.
  • Modulating these immune cells and their interactions presents therapeutic opportunities for inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innovative nanobiomaterials designed to modulate innate immunity and alleviate inflammation.
  • To summarize strategies for designing nanobiomaterials and understanding nano-bio interactions for immune modulation.
  • To discuss future perspectives and translational challenges in nanobiomaterial-based inflammatory disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on nanobiomaterials and their role in innate immunity.
  • Analysis of strategies for designing nanobiomaterials targeting innate immune cells.
  • Examination of nano-bio interactions influencing inflammatory profiles.
  • Summarization of nanomedicine approaches, including nanopro-resolving medicines.

Main Results:

  • Nanobiomaterials demonstrate significant therapeutic potential by targeting and interacting with innate immune cells.
  • Versatile nanobiomaterials can be engineered for specific modulation of innate immune responses.
  • Nanopro-resolving medicines, incorporating pro-resolving mediators, show efficacy in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobiomaterials offer promising avenues for treating inflammatory diseases by manipulating innate immunity.
  • Understanding nano-bio interactions is key to advancing nanobiomaterial design for immune modulation.
  • Overcoming translational challenges is essential for the clinical application of nanobiomaterials in inflammatory disease therapy.