Medical Student Perceptions of the Barriers to Entering Orthopaedic Surgery Differ by Gender

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Surgical Specialties
• Gender Studies in Medicine

Background:

• Gender representation in medicine, particularly orthopaedic surgery, remains low.
• Women constitute only 13.6% of orthopaedic surgeons in Canada.
• Understanding barriers is key to improving gender equity in surgical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify barriers faced by medical students pursuing orthopaedic surgery.
• To examine gender-specific differences in these identified barriers.
• To inform strategies for enhancing gender equity in orthopaedics.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey was administered to final-year Canadian medical students.
• Descriptive analyses and comparative statistical tests (chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U) were used.
• Qualitative analysis of open-text responses provided insights into student experiences.

Main Results:

• Male culture and perceived physical strength requirements were significant barriers.
• Women reported less exposure, disproportionate scrutiny, reduced mentorship, and increased concerns regarding harassment.
• Students perceived orthopaedics as an unwelcoming specialty for all.

Conclusions:

• This study is the first to detail medical student perceptions of barriers to gender equity in Canadian orthopaedic surgery.
• A significant paradigm shift in the educational framework is needed to create a more equitable orthopaedic surgery environment.
• Addressing identified barriers is essential for attracting and retaining diverse talent in the field.