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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...

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Rac1 Temporarily Suppresses Fertilization Envelope Formation Immediately After 1-Methyladenine Stimulation.

Sakurako Aida¹, Takako Matsumoto¹, Yuna Yamazaki¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.

|March 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hormone 1-methyladenine (1-MA) in starfish oocytes triggers a "no fertilization envelope (FE) phase" via the GEF/Rac1 cascade, preventing early FE formation. This phase is crucial for coordinating subsequent fertilization events.

Keywords:

Rac1 actin calcium fertilization fertilization envelope oocyte maturation starfish

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Cellular and Molecular Biology
Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

1-methyladenine (1-MA) induces germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in starfish oocytes, initiating a signaling cascade.
Fertilization triggers calcium increase and cortical granule exocytosis for fertilization envelope (FE) formation.
Transient calcium elevations after 1-MA stimulation do not induce FE formation, a phenomenon lacking explanation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanism behind the inability of early calcium elevations to induce FE formation after 1-MA stimulation.
To identify signaling pathways involved in the period following 1-MA stimulation but preceding fertilization competence.

Main Methods:

Starfish oocytes were co-treated with 1-MA and calcium ionophore A23187.
The timing of FE formation was monitored.
Activation of the GEF/Rac1 signaling cascade was assessed.
Constitutively active Rac1 was expressed in oocytes to evaluate its effect.

Main Results:

Co-treatment with 1-MA and A23187 revealed a transient
no FE phase
where FE formation is inhibited.
This
no FE phase
lasts for several minutes, after which oocytes regain FE formation competence.
The GEF/Rac1 signaling cascade was found to be activated during the
no FE phase
.
Constitutively active Rac1 expression mimicked the inhibitory effect of the
no FE phase
even without 1-MA stimulation.

Conclusions:

1-MA stimulation initiates a
no FE phase
in starfish oocytes mediated by the GEF/Rac1 signaling cascade.
This phase temporarily inhibits cortical granule exocytosis and FE formation.
The GEF/Rac1 cascade plays a critical role in coordinating the temporal progression of fertilization events following 1-MA-induced maturation.