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The Role of Genetics in Human Oral Health: A Systematic-Narrative Review
Anita Joy-Thomas1, Zarna Lalwani1, Leticia Guajardo2
1Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Research, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
Dentistry Journal
|March 26, 2025
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence oral health, impacting development and disease susceptibility. This review classifies 25 oral conditions with strong genetic links, advocating for precision oral healthcare including genetic testing.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Oral Health
- Systematic Review
Background:
- Genetic makeup influences orofacial structures and overall health.
- Limited research comprehensively classifies oral disorders by genetic and environmental etiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and categorize oral diseases based on genetic or environmental factors.
- To assess the evidence supporting the role of genetics in oral conditions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic-narrative review of literature from PubMed and Cochrane databases.
- Methodical categorization of oral diseases and conditions by genetic/environmental linkages.
- Evidence strength assessment from peer-reviewed articles.
Main Results:
- Identified 25 oral conditions with strong genetic components.
- Classified 2 conditions (fibrous dysplasia, impacted teeth) with moderate genetic contributions.
- Found 14 oral conditions with weak genetic contributions.
Conclusions:
- Genetics plays a crucial role in oral health, influencing predisposition and susceptibility.
- Understanding gene-environment interactions is key to improving oral health outcomes.
- Precision oral healthcare, incorporating genetic testing and counseling, is recommended for effective patient management.
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