Biomimetic Adhesion/Detachment Using Layered Polymers with Light-Induced Rapid Shape Changes

Geckos achieve rapid and efficient adhesion and detachment on various surfaces within milliseconds due to the hierarchically structured fibrillar architecture of their toe pads. Extensive research has focused on developing adhesive materials that mimic these micro-nano structures. However, no conventional adhesives have matched the performance of their natural counterparts, which are both non-degrading and self-cleaning. Here, we develop a chemically crosslinked polymer film with a nanoscale layered structure that exhibits high-speed switching of mechanical motions (expansion and contraction) in equation both forward and reverse directions through controlled ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Under UV light on/off switching, the film shows reversable shape changes in the direction perpendicular to the molecular alignment. These photoresponsive molecular movements in the film is demonstrated for remote control in a smart adhesion system with rapid responsiveness and high reproducibility. The films respond to UV light to release picked-up objects and immediately regain their adhesion when the UV light ceases. Additionally, we propose the working principles and mechanisms of these reusable adhesive films, providing new insights into the development of smart soft materials. The material's rapid deformation, high responsiveness, and flexibility make it a promising candidate for light-controlled object transport and remote-controlled robotics.