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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Isolation and Functional Assessment of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells from Cell and Tissue Samples
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Natural Bioactive Agents: Testable Stem Cell-Targeting Alternatives for Therapy-Resistant Breast Cancer.

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Drug-resistant breast cancer stem cells pose a treatment challenge. Natural compounds from plants show promise as targeted therapies, offering new hope for resistant cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Conventional and targeted breast cancer therapies face challenges with acquired resistance and drug-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  • Treatment efficacy is often determined by hormone receptor (estrogen receptor-α, progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression status.
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks these receptors, limiting treatment to conventional chemotherapy, which has modest efficacy against CSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinically relevant cellular and drug-resistant CSC models for various breast cancer subtypes.
  • To summarize preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights for natural phytochemicals and nutritional herbs.
  • To explore the potential of natural bioactive agents as CSC-targeting alternatives for therapy-resistant breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of established drug-resistant CSC models, including those with upregulated tumor spheroid (TS) formation, CD44, NANOG, and OCT-4.
  • Review of preclinical studies on the efficacy of dietary phytochemicals and nutritional herbs.
  • Examination of the characteristics of natural compounds, such as lack of systemic toxicity and phenotypic drug resistance.

Main Results:

  • Drug-resistant CSC models exhibit specific biomarkers like TS, CD44, NANOG, and OCT-4.
  • Numerous natural compounds (polyphenols, flavones, terpenes, etc.) demonstrate preclinical efficacy against CSCs.
  • These natural agents lack systemic toxicity and phenotypic drug resistance, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs in therapy-resistant breast cancer.
  • Natural phytochemicals and nutritional herbs represent a promising source of novel drug candidates.
  • Bioactive agents from natural sources offer testable, stem cell-targeting alternatives for difficult-to-treat breast cancers.