Production of Aloe vera Phytoplacenta Extract and Potential Applications in Skincare

Aloe vera has garnered significant scientific and commercial attention due to its multifaceted therapeutic and cosmetic potential. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of Aloe vera phytoplacenta extract (AVPE) on HaCaT cells and skin health. To achieve this, we investigated AVPE, produced using advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, and its effects on HaCaT cells. At 2% concentration, AVPE demonstrated remarkable biological effects, increasing AQP3 protein expression by 120% and healing area fourfold while simultaneously reducing COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) by 43% and iNOS mRNA by 48%. An AVPE-containing product notably reduced facial skin temperature to 24.9 °C compared to 32.3 °C for the control product. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transcriptional changes in HaCaT cells after AVPE treatment revealed 14 upregulated and 58 downregulated RNAs. Upregulated processes included response to hydrogen peroxide and muscle cell migration, while downregulated processes involved cell-cell adhesion and synaptic transmission. Pathway analysis further highlighted significant metabolic changes, including upregulation of pentose phosphate and galactose metabolism pathways and downregulation of the leishmaniasis and GABAergic synapse pathways. In addition, gene expression data indicated subtle changes in epidermal differentiation genes, modulation of inflammatory markers, and alterations in genes related to cell signaling and skin-specific functions. Our comprehensive findings underscore AVPE's potential in enhancing skin healing, regulating temperature, and modulating cellular processes.