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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
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Human Commensal Bacteria: Next-generation Pro- and Post-biotics for Anticancer Therapy.

Himal Sapkota1, Subrata Dasgupta2, Bishnudeo Roy3

  • 1Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), 412115 Pune, Maharashtra, India.

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Probiotic bacteria and their metabolites show promise as novel cancer treatments due to their antiproliferative effects and lack of side effects. This review explores their potential as alternatives to conventional therapies.

Keywords:
L-asparaginaseanticancerbacterial metaboliteshuman commensal bacteriapostbioticsprobiotics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading cause of death with largely unknown causes.
  • Current cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, carry significant risks and side effects.
  • Probiotic bacteria and their metabolites exhibit antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on the anti-cancer properties of human commensal bacteria and their secreted products.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of these probiotics and metabolites as alternatives to conventional cancer treatments.
  • To propose a workflow for identifying and characterizing novel bacterial strains for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on probiotic bacteria and their metabolites in cancer treatment.
  • Focus on small metabolites, proteins, and enzymes secreted by human commensal bacteria.
  • Discussion of protein engineering strategies to improve existing anti-cancer enzymes like L-asparaginase.
  • Proposal of a workflow for isolating, identifying, screening, and characterizing bacterial strains.

Main Results:

  • Commensal bacteria and their metabolites demonstrate selective specificity and lack of treatment-associated comorbidities.
  • These agents possess immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects with minimal side effects.
  • L-asparaginase, an anti-leukemia enzyme, can potentially be engineered to reduce toxicity.
  • Exploration beyond lactic acid bacteria is crucial for discovering novel cancer therapeutics.

Conclusions:

  • Human commensal bacteria and their metabolites represent a promising avenue for developing novel cancer therapeutics.
  • These natural agents offer potential advantages over conventional treatments, including reduced toxicity and enhanced immunomodulation.
  • Further research into diverse bacterial species is essential for unlocking their full therapeutic potential in oncology.