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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...

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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Loss-Enabled Chirality Inversion in Terahertz Metasurfaces.

Weibao He1, Shun Wan1, Yunlan Zuo2,3

  • 1National University of Defense Technology, College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Changsha 410073, People's Republic of China.

Physical Review Letters
|March 28, 2025
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Summary

Researchers demonstrate active control of exceptional points (EPs) chirality using exceptional-line metasurfaces. This method allows for light-induced loss to switch chirality, enabling on-chip integration for advanced electronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Non-Hermitian physics
  • Metasurface engineering
  • Wave phenomena

Background:

  • Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems with implications for wave phenomena.
  • Chiral EPs offer unique effects like loss-induced transparency and enhanced sensing.
  • Previous methods for inducing chiral EPs required fixed structures and active gains, limiting on-chip applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate active, in-situ control of exceptional points (EPs) chirality.
  • To develop a method for on-chip integration of chiral EPs.
  • To investigate light-induced modulation of EPs chirality.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an exceptional-line metasurface.
  • Utilizing light-induced loss for selective chirality inversion.
  • Performing ultrafast chirality switching within picosecond timescales.

Main Results:

  • Achieved active control of EPs chirality in-situ.
  • Demonstrated selective chirality inversion via light-induced loss without altering metasurface size.
  • Successfully performed ultrafast chirality switching.

Conclusions:

  • The developed exceptional-line metasurface offers a platform for active modulation of EPs chirality.
  • This work facilitates on-chip integration of non-Hermitian physics.
  • The findings pave the way for future research in active metasurface-based non-Hermitian devices.