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Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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To Improve Literacy, Improve Equality in Education, Not Large Language Models.

Samuel H Forbes1, Olivia Guest2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Durham University.

Cognitive Science
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) may not solve declining cognitive skills due to economic and environmental costs. We urge caution, as LLMs may harm privacy, reduce human interaction, and negatively impact cognition.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Educational Technology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are proposed as a solution to declining cognitive skills and educational inequity.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceEducationLarge language modelsLiteracyReading

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  • Concerns exist regarding the feasibility and potential negative consequences of widespread LLM adoption in education.