Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2025

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules
Published on: March 22, 2019
Complete online database of maximal subgroups of subperiodic groups at the Bilbao Crystallographic Server
Gemma de la Flor1, Hans Wondratschek2, Mois I Aroyo3
1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract:
The section of the Bilbao Crystallographic Server (https://www.cryst.ehu.es) dedicated to subperiodic groups includes the program MAXSUB, which gives online access to the complete database of maximal subgroups of subperiodic groups. All maximal non-isotypic subgroups as well as all maximal isotypic subgroups of indices up to 9 are listed individually, together with the series of maximal isotypic subgroups of subperiodic groups. These data were compared with those of Litvin [(2013), Magnetic group tables, 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional subperiodic groups and magnetic space groups], which revealed several differences, discussed here in detail.
Related Concept Videos
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Gene Families
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Families
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
Functional Groups

