Augmenting the interpretation: Imaging the head and face implants and their complications

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Medical Imaging
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Implants and augmentation materials are widely used for cosmetic and functional purposes.
• Radiologists must accurately interpret post-operative imaging and incidental findings of these devices.
• Familiarity with normal implant appearances is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the normal imaging characteristics of common head and facial implants.
• To describe imaging findings associated with implant complications and failures.
• To provide a comprehensive guide for radiologists encountering these materials.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on head and facial implants and augmentation techniques.
• Analysis of imaging findings across various modalities (e.g., CT, MRI, X-ray).
• Categorization of implants and augmentation materials by anatomical location and type.

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of normal imaging appearances for cochlear implants, ossicular chain reconstructions, intraocular lenses, intra-orbital silicone, and ocular implants.
• Discussion of imaging features of facial augmentation using fillers, grafts, and implants.
• Overview of imaging findings for maxillary sinus lifts, augmentations, and hard palate prostheses.

Conclusions:

• Accurate radiologic assessment of head and facial implants requires knowledge of their normal appearance and potential complications.
• This review serves as a valuable resource for radiologists in evaluating patients with these devices.
• Understanding imaging findings aids in differentiating normal post-operative changes from pathology.