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Pain medication use during pregnancy.

Rebecca A Nunge1, Anthony M Kendle1, Sura Alwan2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, , United States of America.

Seminars in Perinatology
|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing pain during pregnancy requires balancing maternal relief with fetal safety. This review assesses risks of common pain relievers, guiding clinicians toward safer choices for expectant mothers.

Keywords:
Congenital anomaliesMedicationsNeonatal outcomesPainPregnancyPrenatalTeratogen

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pharmacology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pain management in pregnancy presents a common clinical challenge.
  • Balancing maternal pain relief with potential fetal risks from medication is crucial.
  • Limited conclusive data exists on long-term neurodevelopmental effects of many medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety and risks of various pain medications used during pregnancy.
  • To provide an evidence-based resource for clinicians.
  • To guide optimized pain management while minimizing fetal and neonatal risks.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of pain medications in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of safety data, including congenital anomalies and neonatal outcomes.
  • Examination of evidence regarding neurodevelopmental effects.

Main Results:

  • Various analgesics offer benefits for pregnancy pain, but some pose risks.
  • Identified risks include congenital anomalies, neonatal withdrawal, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Long-term neurodevelopmental data remains inconclusive for many agents.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must weigh benefits and risks of pain management strategies.
  • Informed, shared decision-making with patients is essential.
  • This review aids clinicians in optimizing pain treatment during pregnancy.