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Current Density

Current Density

The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...

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Understanding the Current Distribution and Mass Transport Properties in 3D-Printed Architected Flow-Through

Auston L Clemens¹, Kyle Jung¹, Massimiliano Ferrucci²

¹Materials Engineering Division, Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States.

ACS Applied Engineering Materials

|April 3, 2025

Summary

Engineered 3D-printed lattice electrodes show tunable current distribution and mass transport for energy storage. Optimizing lattice design and flow conditions is key for efficient device performance.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Architected materials offer customizable, high-surface-area structures for advanced energy storage.
Understanding current distribution and mass transport in these complex electrodes is crucial for performance.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate current distribution and mass transport in 3D-printed lattice electrodes under flow-through conditions.
Analyze the impact of lattice geometry, porosity, and current density on electrode performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of conductive lattices via microstereolithography and pyrolytic carbonization.
Analysis of lattice geometries (SC, BCC/FCC, IsoTruss, Octet) and varying porosity.
Numerical modeling and experimental validation (micro-X-ray computed tomography) of film thickness and mass transport.

Main Results:

Developed scaling relationships (lattice-based Wagner number, inverse Damkohler number) for electrochemical conditions.
Mass-transfer coefficients ranked: Octet > IsoTruss > FCC ∼ BCC > SC.
Inertial effects significant at Reynolds number > 3, especially in Octet structures.

Conclusions:

Electrode engineering and process conditions are vital for tailoring mass transport and current uniformity.
Optimized lattice design can significantly enhance energy storage device efficiency.
Findings inform the development of next-generation energy storage systems.