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Cooperation in the face of disaster
Marijane Luistro Jonsson1,2, Markus Jonsson3,4
1Center for Sustainability Research, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Plos One
|April 3, 2025
Summary
Cooperation increases and persists in uncertain situations, like recurring disasters. This is driven by unconditional contributions, where individuals give more regardless of others' actions, fostering sustained group efforts.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral Economics
- Game Theory
- Sociology
Background:
- Societal reliance on cooperation intensifies due to increasing frequency of calamities and health crises.
- Understanding cooperation dynamics in uncertain environments, especially when losses are possible, remains a challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate behavioral patterns driving cooperation in stochastic environments with potential losses.
- To analyze how repeated disaster risks influence cooperation in a threshold public goods game.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical modeling, experiments, and simulations were employed.
- A threshold public goods game was adapted with stochastic shocks representing disaster risks.
- Uncertainty was explored regarding disaster probability, required cooperation levels (threshold), and loss impact.
Main Results:
- Cooperation is higher and more persistent in settings with disaster risk compared to control conditions.
- Unconditional cooperation sustains group efforts, with individuals contributing more without matching others.
- A contribution divergence emerged, with some cooperating unconditionally and others free-riding.
Conclusions:
- The risk of disasters, even with uncertainty about their probability, threshold, or impact, can enhance and sustain cooperation.
- Promoting unconditional cooperation is crucial for fostering resilience in an uncertain world.
- Findings hold across diverse national contexts, suggesting universal behavioral principles.
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