A review of recent advances in tissue engineering scaffolds for meniscus repair

The meniscus, a critical load-bearing structure between the femur and the tibia, plays a key role in the functioning of the knee joint by distributing mechanical stress and minimizing friction. A brief overview of the anatomical characteristics and biomechanical functions of the meniscus is provided in this review, followed by a discussion of recent developments in tissue engineering scaffolds for meniscus repair over the past five years. The classification of scaffolds is based on the materials with an analysis of their respective advantages and limitations. The challenges associated with meniscal tissue engineering are summarized and potential research directions are proposed to guide the development of more effective regenerative strategies.