Production of Doubled Haploid Spring Wheat Plants: Wheat × Maize Hybridization and Microspore Culture Methods

Development of homozygous wheat lines for the purpose of cultivar development or study of the genetics of important traits, such as disease resistance and grain yield, is traditionally a long process. Most of the traditionally used breeding methods also demand huge efforts and resources. However, recent advances in tissue culture techniques have not only enabled the use of doubled haploid (DH) production techniques for more efficient and precise development of homozygous lines at all loci but also significantly accelerate genetic gain and the cultivar development process. This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to the DH production for commercial wheat breeding program, utilizing two important methods: (1) the embryo culture following wheat × maize hybridization and (2) the androgenesis (microspore culture). The protocol outlines step-by-step procedures for both methods, including details on all safety measures. It also highlights critical factors to consider when choosing between these methods, depending on the specific goals and constraints of a breeding program. This chapter is an essential resource for plant breeders, researchers, and wheat geneticists seeking to integrate DH technology into their wheat improvement programs. By following these detailed protocols, researchers can enhance the speed and precision of wheat breeding and contribute to the development of superior wheat cultivars that address the ever-evolving challenges in agriculture.