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Updated: May 15, 2025

Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment
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Microbiome-Immune Interaction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: What Have We Missed?

Xin Zhou1, Wen Tian2,3, Shenbiao Gu2,3

  • 1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Research (Washington, D.C.)
|April 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Emerging research links gut microbiome changes and increased intestinal permeability to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Targeting the gut may offer new therapeutic strategies for PAH.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) research
  • Gut microbiome and immunology

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves inflammation and vascular remodeling.
  • Recent studies suggest a connection between the gut microbiome and PAH development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of a 'leaky gut' in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • To explore the interaction between gut microbiota, immune responses, and endogenous retroviruses in PAH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research.
  • Perspective on emerging evidence linking gut dysbiosis to PAH pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Microbial dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability may drive PAH inflammation.
  • Gut microbiota influences immune responses and retroviral activation in PAH.

Conclusions:

  • A leaky gut is implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis.
  • Understanding these gut-lung axis interactions can lead to novel microbiome-targeted therapies for PAH.

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