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In Situ Transfer of Laser-Induced Graphene Electronics for Multifunctional Smart Windows.

Tongmei Jing^1,2, Han Ku Nam², Dongwook Yang²

¹College of Control Science and Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266555 China.

|April 11, 2025

Summary

This study introduces an eco-friendly method to create laser-induced graphene (LIG) glass electrodes for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This fast, cost-effective process avoids chemicals, reducing electronic waste for sustainable smart windows.

Keywords:

direct laser writings glass electronics in situ transfers laser‐induced graphenes multifunctional windows

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Sustainable Electronics

Background:

Growing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates advanced glass electronics.
Traditional glass electronics production involves complex, chemical-intensive processes, leading to environmental concerns regarding waste.
Existing methods for conductive coatings on glass often require additional chemicals and energy-intensive steps.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a fast, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method for producing glass electronics.
To address the environmental concerns associated with chemical and electronic waste in glass electronics manufacturing.
To create functional laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes on glass substrates for various applications.

Main Methods:

Conversion of polyimide (PI) tape into laser-induced graphene (LIG) using ultraviolet laser direct writing.
Direct transfer of LIG onto glass substrates in ambient air, eliminating the need for additional chemical treatments.
Removal of residual PI tape to yield LIG-based glass electrodes.

Main Results:

Fabrication of LIG-embedded glass without chemical treatments.
Achieved electrical resistivity of 1.065 × 10^-3 Ω·m for LIG-based glass electrodes.
Demonstrated efficient functionality for window applications including defogging, heating, temperature sensing, and solar warming.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a scalable, eco-friendly approach for producing functional glass electronics.
LIG-based glass electrodes are suitable for automotive and residential smart window applications.
This technology supports the advancement of sustainable IoT-based window electronics.