The Role of Exercise on Glial Cell Activity in Neuropathic Pain Management

Chronic pain is a widespread global health problem with profound socioeconomic implications, affecting millions of people of all ages. Glial cells (GCs) in pain pathways play essential roles in the processing of pain signals. Dysregulation of GC activity contributes to chronic pain states, making them targets for therapeutic interventions. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as exercise, are strongly recommended for effective pain management. This review examines the link between exercise, regular physical activity (PA), and glial cell-mediated pain processing, highlighting its potential as a strategy for managing chronic pain. Exercise not only improves overall health and quality of life but also influences the function of GCs. Recent research highlights the ability of exercise to mitigate neuroinflammatory responses and modulate the activity of GCs by reducing the activation of microglia and astrocytes, as well as modulating the expression biomarkers, thereby attenuating pain hypersensitivity. Here, we summarize new insights into the role of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for the relief of chronic pain.