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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.0K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.0K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

2.5K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

1.9K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
1.9K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

7.6K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.6K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.2K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.2K
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview01:25

Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview

3.2K
The addition of hydrogen bromide to alkenes in the presence of hydroperoxides or peroxides proceeds via an anti-Markovnikov pathway and yields alkyl bromides.
3.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

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Active Learning Guided Optimization of Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization via Alkylidene Modification.

Ignacio Arretche1, Jacob J Lessard1,2, Parmeet Kaur2

  • 1Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Selecting specific ligands for ruthenium catalysts allows precise control over frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) and background reactions. This enables the development of advanced thermoset resins for energy-efficient manufacturing.

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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Last Updated: May 21, 2025

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) provides an energy-efficient route to high-performance thermoset resins.
  • A key challenge is balancing resin shelf life with front velocity due to competing background ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how alkylidene ligand choice in Grubbs' second-generation ruthenium initiators impacts FROMP and background ROMP kinetics.
  • To achieve tunable control over resin pot life and front speed by optimizing ligand selection.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic study of ligand effects on ruthenium-catalyzed FROMP and background ROMP.
  • Application of active learning with multiobjective Bayesian optimization for efficient resin formulation exploration.

Main Results:

  • Ligand identity significantly influences the relative rates of FROMP and background ROMP.
  • Differential control over reaction kinetics was achieved by varying the alkylidene ligand.

Conclusions:

  • Alkylidene ligand selection is a critical factor for optimizing FROMP resin performance.
  • This approach accelerates the discovery of novel, high-performance thermoset resins for energy-efficient manufacturing.