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A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
Published on: January 28, 2020
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Exploring the load-velocity profile with sprint swimming performance and sex differences
JesúsJ Ruiz-Navarro1, Dennis-Peter Born2,3,4, Adrián Febles-Castro1
1Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
International Journal of Sports Medicine
|April 11, 2025
Summary
The load-velocity profile accurately predicts sprint swimming performance in both male and female swimmers. While kinematics correlate with swimming, this link weakens with increased resistance, and males generally show higher performance metrics than females.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Biomechanics
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- The load-velocity profile (LVP) is a tool used to assess strength and power.
- Understanding LVP's relationship with swimming performance and kinematics is crucial for training optimization.
- Sex-based differences in physiological responses and performance may influence LVP applications in swimmers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between LVP and sprint swimming performance and kinematics.
- To explore inter-relationships between LVP variables, blood lactate ([La-]), and dry-land strength (pull-ups).
- To examine sex-based differences in these relationships.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-seven swimmers (15 males, 12 females) completed a 50m front-crawl swim test, an LVP test, and a pull-up test.
- LVP was assessed using semi-tethered trials with varying loads.
- Sprint swimming performance, kinematics, dry-land strength, and blood lactate concentrations were measured.
Main Results:
- Theoretical maximum velocity from LVP strongly correlated with sprint swimming performance (r>0.863, p<0.001) for both sexes.
- Kinematic associations between LVP and free swimming decreased as load increased (r from 0.929 to 0.403).
- Females showed associations between [La-] and LVP variables (r>0.573, p<0.05), while males exhibited higher values in most assessed variables (p<0.05), except stroke rate and [La-].
Conclusions:
- The LVP is a valuable tool for assessing sprint swimming performance in both male and female swimmers.
- Kinematic parameters are related between semi-tethered and free swimming, but this association diminishes with increased load.
- Sex-based differences exist, with males generally showing superior strength and power metrics.
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