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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Swimming Performance Assessment in Fishes

Published on: May 20, 2011

Annual Performance Progression in Swimming Across Competition Levels and Race Distances.

Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro¹, Dennis-Peter Born^2,3,4

¹Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology

|August 22, 2025

Summary

Swimming performance progression consistently declines with age for both male and female athletes across all race distances. Event-specific benchmarks are crucial for setting realistic goals in long-term athlete development.

Keywords:

athlete development career trajectories competitive performance development program long-term athlete development

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Physiology
Talent Identification

Background:

Performance progression is a key indicator for talent selection and development in swimming.
Understanding age-related changes in swimming performance is vital for effective athlete management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare annual swimming performance progression across different competitive levels.
To establish benchmarks for long-term athlete development in swimming.

Main Methods:

Analyzed annual best times of swimmers (up to age 21) with over 450 World Aquatics points.
Included 13,310 male and 7,798 female pool swimmers across all race distances.
Grouped swimmers into three distinct performance levels.

Main Results:

A continuous decline in annual performance progression was observed across all race distances and both sexes (p < 0.001).
Performance level differences varied by sex and race distance.
Absolute performance was significantly affected by level and age in both sexes (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Swimmer performance progression consistently decreases throughout their competitive careers, irrespective of sex, race distance, or performance level.
Event-specific benchmarks are recommended for goal-setting and career guidance for swimmers at various levels.