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Nanosecond Time Synchronization over a 2.4 GHz Long-Range Wireless Link.

Pascal Müller1, Dominic Berger1, Luciano Sarperi1

  • 1Institute of Signal Processing and Wireless Communications, ZHAW School of Engineering, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a wireless time synchronization system using LoRa modulation, achieving nanosecond accuracy in GNSS-denied environments. This breakthrough offers a reliable alternative for synchronizing remote equipment, crucial for applications like radio localization.

Keywords:
long-range (LoRa) modulationnanosecond accuracytime synchronizationwireless synchronization

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication
  • Network Synchronization

Background:

  • Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are standard for time synchronization but fail in signal-blocked or interfered environments.
  • Alternative methods are essential for reliable timing in challenging conditions, such as sensor networks for radio localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and field-test an experimental wireless time synchronization system.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using Long-Range (LoRa) modulation for high-accuracy time synchronization.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a prototype wireless time synchronization system utilizing LoRa modulation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
  • Integrated the Semtech SX1280 transceiver's ranging engine for precise timing implementation.
  • Conducted field tests over a 170 m distance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a time deviation (TDEV) of 30 ps (average over 1 s) and a maximum TDEV of 3 ns over a 24-hour measurement period.
  • Demonstrated an improvement of approximately three orders of magnitude compared to existing LoRa time synchronization methods.
  • Confirmed ns-level accuracy achievable with LoRa modulation.

Conclusions:

  • LoRa modulation is a viable technology for high-accuracy wireless time synchronization.
  • The developed system is suitable for synchronizing remote sites, particularly in GNSS-denied scenarios.
  • This method enhances the reliability of applications like radio localization.