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Developing a Cross-Device Platform for Robotic Systems in Nursing Care: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Pascal Müller¹, Ruven Veit¹, Sebastian Hofstetter^1,2

¹Health Service Research Working Group, Acute Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medicine Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 12, Halle (Saale), 06112, Germany, 49 3455574001.

|March 19, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that user-centered design can overcome technical barriers to integrating robotics in nursing. Iterative co-creation with nurses enhances usability and acceptance of robotic technology in healthcare settings.

Keywords:

cocreation customization digital assistive technologies digital transformation feasibility study health care human–technology interaction intention to use long-term care user-centered design

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Area of Science:

Robotics in Healthcare
Human-Computer Interaction
Nursing Informatics

Background:

Increasing demand for nursing care due to aging populations and chronic illnesses.
Staff shortages in nursing threaten the quality of care.
Robotics present a potential solution, but usability and workflow integration are key challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a cross-device platform for controlling nursing robotics.
To assess the feasibility, usability, and acceptance of the platform.
To employ a participatory, user-centered approach in development.

Main Methods:

Convergent mixed methods feasibility study with 13 nurses across 4 iterative workshops.
Quantitative measures: System Usability Scale (SUS), Technology Usage Inventory (TUI), TENS-Interface.
Qualitative data: Think-aloud protocols and focus groups for iterative refinement.

Main Results:

High nurse curiosity, perceived usefulness, and intention to use robotics.
Acceptable usability (SUS scores) and enhanced autonomy/competence (TENS-Interface).
Qualitative feedback highlighted needs for intuitive control, personalization, and system integration.

Conclusions:

Participatory, user-centered methods successfully develop cross-device robotics platforms for nursing.
Key adoption factors include technical usability, personalization, workflow integration, and training.
Technological, not human, barriers limit robotics adoption; iterative co-creation mitigates these.