A Comparative Study of CO₂ Forecasting Strategies in School Classrooms: A Step Toward Improving Indoor Air Quality

This paper comprehensively investigates the performance of various strategies for predicting CO₂ levels in school classrooms over different time horizons by using data collected through IoT devices. We gathered Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) data from fifteen schools in Navarra, Spain between 10 January and 3 April 2022, with measurements taken at 10-min intervals. Three prediction strategies divided into seven models were trained on the data and compared using statistical tests. The study confirms that simple methodologies are effective for short-term predictions, while Machine Learning (ML)-based models perform better over longer prediction horizons. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using low-cost devices combined with ML models for forecasting, which can help to improve IAQ in sensitive environments such as schools.