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Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and
Martha Rosana1, Em Yunir1, Ninik Saragih1
1Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia; Metabolic Disorder, Cardiovascular and Aging Research Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
Background:
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). No systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted regarding the risk factors of PAD in T2DM populations.
Aim:
To analyze the pooled effect estimates of risk factors of PAD in T2DM populations.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, and EMBASE databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4.
Results:
Ten studies were included in this review (73,834 samples in total). All the studies had a low risk of bias. Significant association with PAD in T2DM was found in the group of age ≥ 70 years old (OR 3.44; 95 % CI 2.11, 5.62), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR 1.81; 95 % CI 1.24, 2.64), coronary artery disease (CAD) history (OR 1.55; 95 % CI 1.30, 1.83), hypertension (OR 1.43; 95 % CI 1.10, 1.86), and increased LDL (OR 2.51; 95 % CI 1.38, 4.56).
Conclusion:
Age ≥ 70 years old, diabetes duration ≥ 5 years, CAD history, hypertension, and increased LDL are significant risk factors for PAD in the T2DM population.
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