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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Related Experiment Video

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Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Lyme Carditis With Complete Heart Block.

Ashot Batikyan1, Hakob Harutyunyan2, Vahagn Tamazyan2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, USA.

Cureus
|April 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early recognition and treatment of Lyme carditis, a tick-borne illness, can prevent severe heart complications like third-degree AV block, potentially avoiding permanent pacemakers.

Keywords:
borrelia burgdorferi infectioncomplete atrioventricular blocklyme carditislyme's diseasethird degree atrioventricular block

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tick-borne Illnesses

Background:

  • Lyme disease is a prevalent North American tick-borne infection.
  • Lyme carditis can cause significant cardiac complications, including atrioventricular block.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old male presented with third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block following a tick bite and erythema migrans.
  • Symptoms included fatigue, palpitations, and dyspnea, with EKG confirming third-degree AV block.

Findings:

  • The patient received temporary transvenous pacing and intravenous ceftriaxone.
  • Significant improvement was observed within 48 hours, with resolution to first-degree AV block.
  • Treatment was transitioned to oral doxycycline for completion.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of Lyme carditis.
  • Early intervention can prevent severe cardiac events and the need for permanent pacemakers.
  • Awareness of Lyme carditis symptoms is crucial for timely treatment in endemic areas.