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Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law

Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved.
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2025

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

Coulomb Drag in Altermagnets.

Hao-Jie Lin^1,2, Song-Bo Zhang^3,4, Hai-Zhou Lu^1,2

¹Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Department of Physics, State key Laboratory of Quantum Functional Materials, and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Quantum Science, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Physical Review Letters

|April 18, 2025

Summary

Researchers propose using Coulomb drag to detect altermagnetism, a novel antiferromagnet. This method reveals unique spin-split energy bands and offers new avenues for information technology.

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science

Background:

Altermagnets are a new class of antiferromagnets with unique anisotropic spin-split energy bands.
Their potential in information storage and processing is significant, but measuring their properties is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose Coulomb drag as a novel method for probing altermagnetism.
To investigate the sensitivity of Coulomb drag effects to the spin-split Fermi surfaces in altermagnets.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the Coulomb drag effect, where current in one layer induces current in another via interlayer Coulomb interactions.
Analyzing the angle dependence of drag effects in a multiterminal setup.

Main Results:

Coulomb drag effects in altermagnets are highly sensitive to the orientation of spin-split Fermi surfaces.
Transverse currents and Hall drag effects are observed even without spin-orbit coupling.
Unique angle-dependent drag effects serve as signatures for altermagnetism.

Conclusions:

Coulomb drag is a viable and sensitive technique for detecting and characterizing altermagnetism.
The observed phenomena offer new insights into emergent magnetism and its potential applications.