Complexity of insulin resistance in early-onset colorectal cancer

Early-life exposure to lifestyle-associated metabolic alterations could be a key contributor to early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Notably, insulin resistance (InsR)-linked hyperinsulinemia, elevated levels of insulin-like growth factors, and chronic inflammation could trigger EOCRC by modulating gene expression/pathways that support carcinogenesis/anti-apoptosis. Here, we discuss how InsR could be the trigger that offsets metabolic homeostasis in young individuals, leading to EOCRC. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for lifestyle interventions, early detection, and targeted therapeutic interventions to mitigate this growing health concern.