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Updated: May 11, 2025

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Silk fibroin based bioinks for high-precision digital light processing 3D printing.

Xinrang Zhai1, Miner Hu2, Linran Song1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China; Center for Regeneration and Aging Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|April 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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Adding silk fibroin (SF) to bioinks improves 3D bioprinting precision by absorbing free radicals. This natural macromolecule enhances hydrogel fidelity and mechanical strength for tissue engineering applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Light-based 3D bioprinting is crucial for complex biomedical structures.
  • Excessive free radical reactions in bioinks limit pattern fidelity and printing resolution.
  • Natural macromolecules are explored to enhance bioink performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of silk fibroin (SF) in improving the precision and fidelity of 3D bioprinting.
  • To understand the mechanism by which SF enhances 3D printing performance.
  • To evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of SF-modified hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of silk fibroin (SF) into GelMA and PEGDA bioinks.
  • 3D bioprinting using light-based photopolymerization.
Keywords:
3D printingHigh precisionSilk fibroin

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  • Assessment of printing resolution, fidelity, and biocompatibility.
  • Mechanical property testing after alcohol treatment.
  • Mechanism investigation via free radical absorption and photoabsorption analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Silk fibroin significantly improved printing resolution and pattern fidelity.
    • SF-modified hydrogels exhibited satisfactory biocompatibility.
    • Alcohol treatment enhanced hydrogel mechanical properties through β-sheets formation.
    • SF's mechanism involves free radical absorption by tyrosine and minor photoabsorption.
    • Phenolic hydroxyl group-containing molecules enhance 3D printing precision.

    Conclusions:

    • Silk fibroin is an effective additive for enhancing 3D bioprinting precision and fidelity.
    • SF improves hydrogel mechanical properties and maintains biocompatibility.
    • The study elucidates SF's role in mitigating free radical reactions during photopolymerization.
    • This strategy offers a facile approach to advance 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering.