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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Updated: May 11, 2025

Rapid Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglion Macrophages
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Neuron-microglia interactions modulating neuropathic pain.

Keita Kohno1, Makoto Tsuda1

  • 1Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

International Immunology
|April 19, 2025
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Microglia, immune cells in the central nervous system, are key players in neuropathic pain development. Targeting these cells offers potential for new pain relief therapies.

Keywords:
glial cellsperipheral nerve injuryspinal cord

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Neuropathic pain results from sensory nervous system damage, causing severe pain disproportionate to stimuli.
  • Current treatments for neuropathic pain are insufficient, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized for their role in pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microglia-neuron interactions in the spinal dorsal horn following peripheral nerve injury.
  • To explore the dual role of microglia in both the development and potential alleviation of neuropathic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies of microglia and neuropathic pain.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication in pain pathways.

Main Results:

  • Microglia activation and altered function in the spinal dorsal horn contribute to neuropathic pain.
  • Microglia interact with neurons to enhance pain signaling and hypersensitivity.
  • Emerging evidence suggests microglia may also possess pain-alleviating properties.

Conclusions:

  • Microglia are critical mediators in neuropathic pain pathogenesis.
  • Understanding microglia-neuron interactions is vital for developing effective pain therapies.
  • Targeting microglial function presents a promising avenue for future neuropathic pain treatments.