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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

197
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
197

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Simultaneous Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive-Affective Task-Based Functional Connectivity.

Merideth A Addicott1, Jonathan R Young2,3,4, L Gregory Appelbaum5

  • 1Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Brain Connectivity
|April 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can alter brain connectivity during cognitive tasks. Low-frequency rTMS modulated functional connectivity in brain regions associated with negative feedback, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
PASATPaced Serial Addition TaskTMScognitive-affective distresstask-based functional connectivitytranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses electromagnetic fields to induce electrical currents in the superficial cortex, potentially affecting functionally connected distal brain regions.
  • Previous research indicated that rTMS targeting the postcentral gyrus influences resting-state functional connectivity with the posterior insula.
  • The current study aimed to explore rTMS effects on task-based functional connectivity (TBFC) during a cognitive-affective distress task.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if rTMS targeting the postcentral gyrus modulates task-based functional connectivity (TBFC) with the posterior insula during a cognitive-affective distress task.
  • To compare the effects of 1 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS on TBFC during negative auditory feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five healthy participants were divided into 1 Hz (n=12) and 10 Hz (n=13) rTMS groups, receiving five consecutive daily sessions.
  • Pre- and post-rTMS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired while participants performed a cognitive-affective distress task with negative auditory feedback.
  • Neuronavigation guided rTMS coil placement over the right postcentral gyrus; TBFC analysis used the bilateral auditory cortex as a seed region-of-interest.

Main Results:

  • A significant group-by-session-by-condition interaction (FDR-corrected) was observed in a right putamen/posterior insula cluster.
  • In the distress condition, the 1 Hz rTMS group exhibited significantly weaker negative TBFC post-rTMS (p = 0.005).
  • The 10 Hz rTMS group showed no significant effect on TBFC during the distress condition.

Conclusions:

  • This preliminary study suggests rTMS can modulate TBFC in distal brain regions involved in processing cognitive-affective negative feedback.
  • The findings indicate that low-frequency rTMS may alter functional connectivity related to negative emotional processing.
  • Future research should explore optimizing rTMS parameters (e.g., session number, pulse sequences) to enhance TBFC modulation and clinical outcomes.