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Updated: May 10, 2025
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Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy
Published on: February 17, 2023
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Factors Influencing Growth in Gender Diversity Within Orthopaedic Surgery
Maxwell Phillips1, William Woodhams, Tamarandobra Ogeh
1From the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program, McLaren Flint Health Care, Flint, MI (Dr. Phillips, Dr. Willson, and Dr. Atkinson); the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (Dr. Ogeh); Michigan State University College of Human Medicine (Mr. Woodhams); the Department of Engineering, Kettering University, Flint, MI (Dr. Atkinson); and the Attending Physician, OrthoMichigan, Flint, MI (Dr. Willson).
Summary
Female orthopaedic surgeons are underrepresented, with slower growth compared to other medical specialties. Regional presence of female surgeons correlates with growth, not patient numbers or residency slots.
Area of Science:
- Medical Specialties
- Surgical Fields
- Healthcare Workforce Diversity
Background:
- Female representation in orthopaedic residencies remains low globally.
- It is unclear if orthopaedics lags behind other specialties in female physician representation.
- The relationship between regional presence and patient population or residency positions is unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare female representation growth in orthopaedics with other medical specialties.
- To investigate regional variations in female orthopaedic surgeon presence.
- To determine factors influencing female representation in orthopaedics.
Main Methods:
- Utilized Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provider directory data (2018-2023).
- Analyzed eight medical specialty subgroups across Electronic Residency Application Service regions.
- Examined changes in female provider percentages over a six-year period.
Main Results:
- Female orthopaedic provider growth (1.49%) was significantly slower than general surgery (3.7%) and obstetrics/gynecology (4.7%).
- Pacific-West and South-Atlantic regions showed the most growth in female representation.
- Increased presence of female and total orthopaedic surgeons correlated with regional growth; residency positions and patient population did not.
Conclusions:
- Orthopaedics exhibits a statistically significant slower rate of change in female representation compared to other specialties.
- The presence of practicing female orthopaedic surgeons is linked to growth in specific geographic areas.
- Further research is needed to identify factors driving regional growth for better sex representation.
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