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Related Concept Videos

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Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Investigations on the GaIII Complex of EOB-DTPA and Its 68Ga Radiolabeled Analogue
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Dinuclear Gallium(III) Complex With 1,3-Propanediamine-N,N'-Diacetate: Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial

Bojana V Pantović1, Darko P Ašanin2, Žiko Milanović2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia.

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
|April 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesized a dinuclear gallium(III) complex, uns-cis-[Ga(1,3-pdda)(µ-OH)]2·2H2O, showing selective antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The complex also modulates quorum sensing and interacts with DNA and BSA.

Keywords:
DNA/BSA interactionsaminocarboxylate ligandantimicrobial activitygallium(III) complexesstructural characterization

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An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII
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An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Synthesis
  • Antimicrobial Agents

Background:

  • Gallium(III) complexes are explored for therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding ligand effects on complex structure and function is crucial.
  • Targeting bacterial communication systems like quorum sensing offers novel antimicrobial strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel dinuclear gallium(III) complex using a tetradentate 1,3-propanediamine-N,N'-diacetate (1,3-pdda2-) ligand.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of the synthesized complex against various microbial species, focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • To investigate the complex's interaction with biomolecules such as calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the dinuclear gallium(III) complex uns-cis-[Ga(1,3-pdda)(µ-OH)]2·2H2O (1).
  • Characterization using IR, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Antimicrobial activity testing, pyocyanin production reduction assays, quorum sensing modulation studies, DNA/BSA binding assays (spectrofluorimetry, molecular docking), and DFT simulations.

Main Results:

  • The dinuclear gallium(III) complex (1) was successfully synthesized and structurally characterized, revealing octahedral geometry around each Ga(III) ion.
  • Complex 1 exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, reducing pyocyanin production by 40-43% and modulating its quorum sensing system.
  • Complex 1 demonstrated strong binding to Site I on BSA and showed minor groove binding affinity for ct-DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized dinuclear gallium(III) complex possesses promising antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  • The complex's ability to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing highlights its potential as a novel anti-infective agent.
  • Interactions with BSA and ct-DNA suggest a potential mechanism for biological transport and a generally safe interaction profile with DNA.