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Shoulder Internal and External Rotation Strength Assessment in Baseball Pitchers: Normative Data and Reliability.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portable strain gauge technology reliably measures rotator cuff strength in baseball pitchers. This offers valuable data for monitoring throwing athletes

Keywords:
peak forcerate of force developmentstrain gaugethrowing athleteupper-body force output

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Rotator cuff strength is critical for assessing throwing athletes' injury risk and performance.
  • Portable technology allows for convenient "in-field" strength assessments, enhancing practical application.
  • Establishing reliable normative data is essential for interpreting individual player strength measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of strain gauge technology for measuring shoulder rotator strength.
  • To establish normative strength values for high school and college baseball pitchers.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen subjects underwent three testing sessions, separated by seven days.
  • Each session included five maximal isometric shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) trials.
  • Key variables measured were peak force (Fmax), peak torque (Tmax), and rate of force/torque development.

Main Results:

  • Coefficients of variation for peak measures were low (4.3–5.8%), indicating good reliability.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for peak values ranged from 0.79 to 0.89, and for rate measures from 0.80 to 0.91.
  • Internal rotation strength measures showed slightly better reliability than external rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Portable strain gauge technology demonstrates promising reliability for assessing peak rotator cuff strength in throwing athletes.
  • These findings support the use of strain gauges for simple, field-based monitoring of shoulder health in baseball pitchers.
  • Practitioners should consider potential error sources, such as player familiarity with the testing procedure.