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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: January 9, 2019

Cross-modal functional plasticity after cochlear implantation.

Jamal Esmaelpoor^1,2, Tommy Peng^1,2, Beth Jelfs³

¹Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, 29 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|April 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to measure brain plasticity in cochlear implant (CI) users. Enhanced cross-modal functional connectivity (CMFC) in the angular gyrus predicts better speech understanding after implantation.

Keywords:

cochlear implants cross-modal plasticity fNIRSoutcome prediction functional connectivity psychophysiological interactions

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Last Updated: May 10, 2025

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Optogenetic Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve

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Published on: October 8, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Neuroscience
Neuroplasticity

Background:

Hearing loss and cochlear implantation (CI) induce cross-modal plasticity, but its assessment via cross-modal functional connectivity (CMFC) is underexplored.
Existing methods like psychophysiological interaction (PPI) have limitations in evaluating task-induced CMFC.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a robust method for assessing task-induced CMFC in CI users.
To investigate the relationship between task-induced CMFC, neural efficiency, and speech outcomes in individuals with post-lingual deafness receiving cochlear implants.

Main Methods:

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured brain activity in 23 CI users and 17 normal-hearing (NH) participants during auditory and visual speech tasks.
Task-induced CMFC was assessed at 1 month and 1 year post-implantation, with resting-state functional connectivity (FC) as a baseline.
Speech understanding was evaluated in CI users one year after implantation.

Main Results:

Significant negative correlations were found between contralateral task-induced CMFC and speech outcomes, especially involving the angular gyrus (AG) and visual cortex.
One year post-implantation, the AG showed higher task-induced CMFC than the superior temporal gyrus, aligning with neural efficiency principles.
Task-induced CMFC remained elevated in CI users compared to NH participants even after one year.

Conclusions:

Task-induced CMFC serves as a significant marker for cross-modal plasticity following cochlear implantation.
The study highlights the role of the angular gyrus in cross-modal reorganization and its association with speech performance in CI recipients.
The developed approach offers a valuable tool for understanding neural adaptations and predicting outcomes in cochlear implant users.