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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

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Large vessel vasculitis associated with atezolizumab.

Prathyusha Chennupati1, Erika Pianin2, Neil Kramer3

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause rheumatological issues. This study details the first case of large vessel vasculitis solely linked to atezolizumab, which resolved after treatment discontinuation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial cancer treatments.
  • ICIs can trigger immune-related adverse events, including rheumatological conditions like vasculitis.
  • Large vessel vasculitis (LVV) has been reported with some ICIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first case of LVV associated with atezolizumab monotherapy.
  • To highlight the potential for atezolizumab to induce LVV.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient developing LVV.
  • Clinical and radiographic assessment.
  • Treatment with ICI discontinuation and glucocorticoids.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed LVV during atezolizumab therapy.
  • This is the first documented case of LVV solely due to atezolizumab.
  • Treatment led to complete clinical and radiographic resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Atezolizumab monotherapy can cause large vessel vasculitis.
  • Discontinuation of atezolizumab and glucocorticoid therapy are effective treatments.
  • Clinicians should consider LVV in patients on atezolizumab presenting with relevant symptoms.