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Related Concept Videos

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications01:17

Bernoulli's Principle: Applications

There are many devices and situations in which fluid flows at a constant height and so can be analyzed using Bernoulli's principle. These devices include, but are not limited to, entrainment devices and fluid flow measuring devices.
Entrainment devices use a high fluid speed to create low pressures and, thus, entrain one fluid into another. Some examples of these devices are given below:
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
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Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is achieved...

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Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets
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Micro elastofluidics for tuneable droplet splitting.

Uditha Roshan1, Amith Mudugamuwa1, Xiaoyue Kang1

  • 1Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. jun.zhang@griffith.edu.au.

Lab on a Chip
|April 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Flexible microfluidic devices enable tunable droplet splitting for precise sample metering. This stretchable T-junction technology allows real-time control of droplet sizes in lab-on-a-chip applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Droplet microfluidics is crucial for applications in biomedicine, food processing, and materials synthesis.
  • Droplet splitting is essential for metering fluid samples in lab-on-a-chip systems.
  • Existing passive T-junction methods require multiple devices for variable droplet sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and stretchable microfluidic technology for tunable droplet splitting.
  • To enable real-time control over daughter droplet volumes and ratios by dynamically altering channel dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and experimental evaluations were used to study stretching effects.
  • Investigated impacts on channel dimensions, hydraulic resistance, and droplet-splitting behavior.
  • Demonstrated applications in particle sorting and microalgae encapsulation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved tunable daughter droplet volume ratios up to approximately 4 with device stretching (∼16% strain).
  • Demonstrated symmetric splitting at zero strain and asymmetric splitting for particle sorting.
  • Successfully tuned microalgae concentration in daughter droplets.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed micro elastofluidic technology offers a versatile and straightforward method for tunable droplet splitting.
  • Enables real-time control of droplet sizes without complex designs.
  • Opens new possibilities for high-throughput and customizable droplet-based assays.