Fabrication of a 3D Corneal Model Using Collagen Bioink and Human Corneal Stromal Cells

Corneal transplantation remains a critical treatment option for individuals with corneal disorders, but it faces challenges such as rejection, high associated medical costs, and donor scarcity. A promising alternative for corneal replacement involves fabricating artificial cornea from a patient's own cells. Our study aimed to leverage bioprinting to develop a corneal model using human corneal stromal cells embedded in a collagen-based bioink. We generated both cellular and acellular collagen I (COL I) constructs. Cellular constructs were cultured for up to 4 weeks, and gene expression analysis was performed to assess extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and fibrotic markers. Our results demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of COL I, collagen III (COL III), vimentin (VIM), and vinculin (VCL), indicating a dynamic remodeling process towards a more physiologically relevant corneal ECM. Overall, our study provides a foundational framework for developing customizable, corneal replacements using bioprinting technology. Further research is necessary to optimize the bioink composition and evaluate the functional and biomechanical properties of these bioengineered corneas.