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Temporal Shift When Comparing Contrast-Agent Concentration Curves Estimated Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

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Gradient-echo (GRE) based grey matter vortex parameters correlate with whole-brain oxygen-extraction fraction (OEF). This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique offers novel insights into brain oxygenation and is relevant for brain tumor applications.

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dynamic susceptibility contrasthysteresismagnetic susceptibilitymicrovasculatureoxygen extractionquantitative susceptibility mappingtransverse relaxation ratevortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Dynamic gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reveal a vortex curve when plotting contrast-agent-induced changes in transverse relaxation rate against spin-echo data.
  • The area of this vortex curve is hypothesized to reflect cerebral vessel architecture and tissue oxygenation levels.
  • This study investigates the vortex effect using GRE-based estimates of contrast-agent concentration derived from transverse relaxation rate and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vortex effect in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI) using GRE-based estimates.
  • To assess the correlation between GRE-based vortex parameters and whole-brain oxygen-extraction fraction (OEF).

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy volunteers underwent 3 Tesla MRI scans.
  • Magnitude and phase dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI) data were acquired using GRE echo-planar imaging.
  • Vortex curves were constructed for grey matter (GM) and arterial input function (AIF) by plotting contrast concentration derived from GRE transverse relaxation rate against that derived from QSM. Vortex parameters were then correlated with QSM-based OEF estimates.

Main Results:

  • A distinct vortex effect was observed in the GRE-based data.
  • Grey matter (GM) vortex parameters demonstrated a moderate and significant negative correlation with whole-brain OEF (r = -0.51, p = 0.02).
  • Vortex parameters derived from arterial input function (AIF) data showed no significant correlation with OEF.

Conclusions:

  • GRE-based grey matter vortex parameters show a significant correlation with whole-brain oxygen-extraction fraction (OEF).
  • Arterial input function (AIF) data, representing high arterial blood fractions, did not correlate significantly with OEF, as expected.
  • Novel parameters derived solely from standard GRE protocols are promising for investigating brain oxygenation, particularly in the context of common brain tumor applications using GRE-based DSC-MRI.