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Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
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This study introduces an inverse problem approach to aberration correction (IPAC) for transcranial ultrasound imaging. IPAC significantly enhances image quality and resolution, offering potential for non-invasive brain vasculature imaging.

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Area of Science:

Ultrasound Physics
Biomedical Imaging
Medical Technology

Background:

Transcranial ultrasound imaging faces limitations due to skull-induced signal attenuation and aberration.
Microbubbles in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enabled advanced techniques like ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an inverse problem approach to aberration correction (IPAC) for transcranial ultrasound.
To leverage microbubble signal sparsity for improved brain vasculature imaging.

Main Methods:

Utilized a priori knowledge of the medium and wave propagation to build a forward model linking signals to aberration.
Employed standard least-squares inversion to retrieve the aberration function.
Validated IPAC on simulated vascular networks and in vivo in mouse brains.

Main Results:

IPAC improved CEUS image contrast by 4.6 dB.
ULM images showed sharper vessels, reduced duplications, and enhanced resolution (21.1 $\mu$m to 18.3 $\mu$m).
Hemodynamic quantification (velocity, flow direction) was also improved.

Conclusions:

IPAC effectively corrects skull-induced aberrations, enhancing Power Doppler and ULM images of the mouse brain vasculature.
This technique shows promise for reliable, non-invasive transcranial brain imaging.