Realistic 3D-Printed Lumbar Spine Model for Non-cadaveric Surgical Training: A Proof of Concept Study

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Neurosurgery Education
• Medical Simulation

Background:

• Traditional surgical training methods like cadaveric dissections are costly and inaccessible.
• Virtual reality (VR) simulations lack essential haptic feedback for hands-on training.
• Advancements in 3D printing offer a solution for creating realistic, cost-effective surgical models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a realistic 3D-printed lumbar spine model for non-cadaveric neurosurgical education.
• To replicate the anatomical and biomechanical properties of the L1-S1 spinal segment.
• To create a training tool for pedicle screw placement.

Main Methods:

• Utilized fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing with polylactic acid (PLA) for vertebrae and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for discs and a movement rod.
• Based the model on patient-specific DICOM imaging data from CT scans.
• Validated the model through hands-on neurosurgical workshops and post-training X-ray analysis.

Main Results:

• The 3D-printed lumbar spine model accurately replicated anatomical and biomechanical properties.
• Pedicle screw placement training was effective, confirmed by X-ray analysis.
• The model demonstrated high anatomical fidelity and reliability.

Conclusions:

• The 3D-printed lumbar spine model is an accessible, customizable, and reliable tool for spine surgery training.
• This innovative approach enhances neurosurgical education by overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
• Future work may involve multi-material printing and augmented reality integration.